We typically associate the concept of teamwork as a human act since cooperative behaviour is one of the hardwired characteristics that feeds in to human nature as a whole.
我们通常将团队合作的概念与人类行为联系起来，因为合作行为是整个人性中滋养的固有特征之一。
Yet, another way to look at this collaborative notion is through the lens of wildlife.
然而，看待這種合作概念的另一種方式是透過野生動物的視角。
Many animal species across all different classifications use teamwork for the sole purpose of surviving the brutal and harsh realities of the natural world. Ant colonies, bird flocks, deer herds, bee swarms, dolphin pods and wolf packs are just a few of the many exemplars. One aspect that is not so often discussed, however, is the occasional intertwinement between mankind and the animal kingdom.
所有不同分类的许多动物物种使用团队合作的唯一目的是在自然界的残酷和严酷的现实中生存。 蚂蚁群、鸟群、鹿群、蜂群、海豚和狼群只是众多典范中的几个。 然而，一个不经常被讨论的方面是人类和动物王国之间偶尔的交织。
Less discussed, that is, on account a mutual sense of fearfulness that obstructs humans and wildlife from interacting with one another.
讨论较少，即由于相互恐惧感阻碍了人类和野生动物相互互动。
On one hand, wildlife fear amounts to the perception of predator risk, and humans are notorious in the animal kingdom for being major predators and thus a source of fear for a lot of these species. On the other hand, international media perceives wildlife as a danger, which implies that people make decisions about these creatures’ acceptability on the risk/benefit basis they believe comes with coexisting.
一方面，野生动物的恐惧相当于对捕食者风险的感知，而人类在动物王国中因是主要捕食者而臭名昭著，因此是许多这些物种的恐惧来源。 另一方面，国际媒体将野生动物视为危险，这意味着人们根据他们认为共存的风险/收益来决定这些生物的可接受性。
However, preconceived opinions of wildlife influence the degree of human-wildlife conflict. The idea of cohabitation entails that, not just humans, but also wild creatures, can adapt to each other’s presence in a particlular region. Such friction drives the different species even further away from each other, making coexistence or even the conception of tolerance a distant thought.
然而，对野生动物的先入为主的看法会影响人与野生动物冲突的程度。 同居的想法意味着，不仅是人类，还有野生动物，可以适应彼此在一个地区的存在。 这种摩擦使不同物种彼此更加疏远，使共存甚至宽容的概念变得遥远。
Yet, communication between humans and domesticated species is a common sight. But communication between mankind and undomesticated wildlife is a rare occurrence.
然而，人类和驯化物种之间的交流是常见的景象。 但人类和未被滅絕的野生动物之间的交流是很少见的。
In sub-Saharan Africa, however, the unimaginable is an actuality.
然而，在撒哈拉以南非洲，难以想象的是现实。
There, a small bird called the greater honeyguide cooperates with local indigenous communities by leading them to the nearest bees’ nest, hidden inside the trucks of hollow trees, which they harvest for their honey.
在那里，一只叫做“大蜂蜜指南”的小鸟与当地土著社区合作，带领他们到最近的蜂巢，蜂巢藏在空心树的卡车里，它们会收获蜂蜜。
The bees’ defenses are overcome through means of ignition and smoke as well as opening the nest using axes. The birds then feed on the wax combs, left behind by the honey-hunters, as their main source of nutrients.
蜜蜂的防御是通过点火和烟雾以及用斧头打开巢穴来克服的。 然后，鸟类以蜂蜜猎人留下的蜡梳子为食，作为它们的主要营养来源。
New research published in the journal, “Science”, shows that this remarkable partnership involves two-way communication between humans and a free-living wild bird.
发表在《科学》杂志上的新研究表明，这种非凡的伙伴关系涉及人类和自由生活的野鸟之间的双向交流。
Honeyguides solicit people with a distinctive chattering call and fly from tree to tree in the direction of the bees’ nest, showing their human followers where to go.
Honeyguides用独特的喋喋不休的呼唤吸引人们，从树飞向蜂巢的方向飞向树，向他们的人类追随者展示该去哪里。
In turn, the human followers respond to the bird with a specific signal that works as a sign to the honeyguide that a person is looking for bees’ nests and willing to follow them.
反过来，人类追随者用一个特定的信号回应这只鸟，这个信号向蜂蜜指南发出信号，表明有人正在寻找蜜蜂的巢穴，并愿意跟随它们。
This interaction suggests that the bird can attach a definite meaning of cooperation to the human’s call, a rare case of mutualism between mankind and Mother Nature that has evolved via the process of natural selection. Moreover, Claire Spottiswoode of the University of Cambridge conducted a series of experiments to prove the importance of this relationship. She states, “By following honeyguides, human honey hunters can really increase their rate of finding bees’ nests”.
这种相互作用表明，鸟类可以为人类的召唤赋予合作的明确意义，这是人类与大自然之间罕见的相互主义案例，是通过自然选择过程演变而来的。 此外，剑桥大学的Claire Spottiswoode进行了一系列实验，以证明这种关系的重要性。 她说：“通过遵循蜂蜜指南，人类蜂蜜猎人可以真正提高发现蜂巢的速度。”
This can make all the difference for the indigenous groups living in the region, as they rely on wild honey for a significant proportion of their calorie intake. Thus, sometimes villagers are prepared to follow any one bird for nearly a kilometre.
对于生活在该地区的土著群体来说，这可以带来巨大的变化，因为他们依靠野生蜂蜜来摄取很大一部分卡路里。 因此，有时村民们准备跟随任何一只鸟近一公里。
Humans do cooperate with other species such as dogs, falcons and cormorants to help them forage. But honeyguides are astonishing since they are not domesticated, trained or coerced in any way. It’s a mutually beneficial relationship that could go back to the earliest days of our own species. We cannot be sure when this alliance came forth or the circumstances that led to its creation, but this is a story of inspiration and one that provides hope for a future coexistence between humankind and its natural surroundings.
人类确实与狗、猎鹰和鸬鹚等其他物种合作，帮助它们觸食。 但蜂蜜指南令人吃惊，因为它们没有以任何方式被驯化、训练或胁迫。 这是一种互利的关系，可以追溯到我们物种的早期。 我们无法确定这个联盟是什么时候出现的，也无法确定导致它诞生的情况，但这是一个鼓舞人心的故事，也为人类与其自然环境的未来共存提供了希望。
Nevertheless, for this to take place, we humans must take the initiative in forming clear boundaries between human and wildlife spaces, to avoid exploiting natural resources and proliferating animal extinction.
然而，为了使这种情况发生，我们人类必须主动在人类和野生动物空间之间形成明确的界限，以避免开发自然资源和扩散动物灭绝。
For, if current rates were to continue, a destabilising of the food chain and other climatic elements would a trigger a chain reaction that may become irreversible.
因为，如果目前的比率继续下去，食物链和其他气候因素的不稳定将引发可能不可逆转的连锁反应。
Ultimately, coexistence between wildlife and humans is essential for all forms of life; humans and animals alike. When humans coexist and avoid persecuting wildlife, we not only safeguard ecosystem health but also promote the stabilisation of agriculture, food security and the construction of sustainable economies.
归根结底，野生动物和人类共存对所有形式的生命都至关重要；人和动物都一样。 当人类共存并避免迫害野生动物时，我们不仅保护生态系统健康，还促进农业稳定、粮食安全和可持续经济建设。
